https://machinelearningmastery.com/transduction-in-machine-learning/
Linguistics
Classically, transduction has been used when talking about natural language, such as in the field of linguistics.
For example, there is the notion of a “transduction grammar” that refers to a set of rules for transforming examples of one language into another.
A transduction grammar describes a structurally correlated pair of languages. It generates sentence pairs, rather than sentences. The language-1 sentence is (intended to be) a translation of the language-2 sentence.
Statistics
Transduction or transductive learning is used in the field of statistical learning theory to refer to predicting specific examples given specific examples from a domain.
It is contrasted with other types of learning, such as inductive learning and deductive learning.
Induction, deriving the function from the given data. Deduction, deriving the values of the given function for points of interest. Transduction, deriving the values of the unknown function for points of interest from the given data.